Tratamiento endovascular de la enfermedad obstructiva aortoilíaca / Endovascular management of aortoiliac occlusive disease

Resumen Introducción: La angioplastia transluminal percutánea (ATP), se ha convertido en una técnica aceptada, en el tratamiento de la enfermedad obstrutiva aortoilíaca, con tasas de éxito del 90-92% y permeabilidad primaria del 55-72% a 5 años. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados del tratamiento endovascular del sector aortoilíaco. Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo (revisión de serie de casos unicéntrica), de pacientes, sometidos consecutivamente al tratamiento endovascular (ATP simple y ATP con stent) de la patología obstructiva del sector aortoilíaco, durante un período de 7 años (2002-2019), en el Hospital Dr. Eduardo Pereira de Valparaíso, Chile. Resultados: Se realizaron 103 procedimientos en 94 pacientes, sexo masculino: 63,83%, femenino: 36,17%, edad promedio: 67,4 años (rango 47-96), distribución de las lesiones según la clasificación TASC II: A (46,24%), B (39,78%), C (8,60%), D (5,38%), remodelando la biburfaccción aórtica (kissing stent) en un 6,80%, procedimientos híbridos (12,62%), seguimiento promedio (47,13 meses), éxito clínico (90,29%), exito técnico (94,17%), permeabilidad primaria, primaria asistida y secundaria a 5 años del 68,09%, 75,53% y 81,91% respectivamente, tasa de salvación de la extremidad a 5 años del 84,04%, mortalidad < 30 días del 1,94%, supervivencia a 5 años del 90,42%. Discusión: Las técnicas endovasculares del sector aortoilíaco son fiables, sus resultados ténicos y permeabilidad, están influenciados por el estadio clínico del paciente y severidad de las lesiones tratadas. Conclusión: En pacientes adecuadamente seleccionados, el tratamiento endovascular del sector aortoilíaco presenta excelentes resultados, permitiendo aumentar la indicación de tratamiento en pacientes considerados de alto riesgo.

Introduction: Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) has become an accepted technique in the treatment of aortoiliac occlusive disease, with success rates of 90-92%, and primary patency of 55-72% at 5 years. Aim: To evaluate the results of endovascular treatment (PTA or PTA with stents) of the aortoiliac sector. Material and Method: Descriptive, retrospective study (single-center case series) of patients, consecutively subjected to endovascular treatment (PTA or PTA with stents) of aortoiliac occlusive disease, during a period of 7 years (2002 - 2019), at the Dr. Eduardo Pereira Hospital in Valparaíso, Chile. Results: 103 procedures were performed in 94 patients, male: 63.83%, female: 36.17%, mean age: 67.4 years (range 47-96), distribution of the lesions according to the TASC II classification: A (46.24%), B (39.78%), C (8.60%), D (5.38%), remodeling the aortic bifaction (kissing stent) in 6.80%, hybrid procedures (12.62%), average follow-up (47.13 months), clinical success (90.29%), technical success (94.17%), primary patency, assisted primary and secondary at 5 years of 68.09%, 75, 53% and 81.91% respectively, 5-year limb salvage rate of 84.04%, mortality < 30 days of 1.94%, 5-year survival of 90.42%. Discussion: Endovascular techniques in the aortoiliac sector are reliable, their technical results and patency are influenced by the clinical stage of the patient and the severity of the lesions treated. Conclusion: In appropriately selected patients, endovascular treatment of the aortoiliac sector, presents excellent results, allowing an increase in the indication for treatment in patients considered to be at high risk.

Arteriosclerose, aterosclerose, arteriolosclerose e esclerose calcificante da média de Monckeberg: qual a diferença? / Arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, arteriolosclerosis, and Monckeberg medial calcific sclerosis: what is the difference?

Resumo A principal causa de óbito na contemporaneidade são as doenças cardiovasculares. Arteriosclerose, aterosclerose, arteriolosclerose e arteriosclerose de Monckeberg são termos frequentemente utilizados como sinônimos, mas traduzem alterações distintas. O objetivo desta revisão foi discutir os conceitos de arteriosclerose, aterosclerose, arteriolosclerose e esclerose calcificante da média de Monckeberg. O termo arteriosclerose é considerado mais genérico, significando o enrijecimento e a consequente perda de elasticidade da parede arterial, abarcando os demais tipos. A aterosclerose é uma doença inflamatória secundária a lesões na camada íntima, que tem como principal complicação obstrução crônica e aguda do lúmen arterial. A arteriolosclerose se refere ao espessamento das arteríolas, particularmente relacionada à hipertensão arterial sistêmica. Já a esclerose calcificante da média de Monckeberg designa a calcificação, não obstrutiva, da lâmina elástica interna ou da túnica média de artérias musculares. As calcificações vasculares, que incluem lesões ateroscleróticas e a esclerose calcificante da média de Monckeberg, vêm sendo estudadas como um fator de risco para a morbimortalidade cardiovascular.

Abstract Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in contemporary times. Arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, arteriolosclerosis, and Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis are terms that are often used interchangeably, but they refer to different vascular pathologies. The objective of this study is to review the concepts of atherosclerosis, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis and Monckeberg medial calcific sclerosis (MMCS). The term arteriosclerosis is more generic, meaning the stiffening and consequent loss of elasticity of the arterial wall, and encompasses the other terms. Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease secondary to lesions in the intimal layer and whose main complication is acute and chronic obstruction of the arterial lumen. Arteriolosclerosis refers to thickening of arterioles, particularly in association with systemic arterial hypertension. MMCS refers to non-obstructive calcification in the internal elastic lamina or the tunica media of muscular arteries. Vascular calcifications, which include atherosclerotic lesions and MMCS, have been studied as a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

Reducción de la ingesta de alimento balanceado por consumo de agua endulzada con sacarosa en ratas Wistar / Reduction of balanced food intake by consumption of water sweetened with sucrose in Wistar rats

El azúcar de mesa, que se obtiene de la caña de azúcar, es el edulcorante más utilizado en la elaboración de los alimentos. El azúcar es importante en la obtención de energía, es necesario para la síntesis de ácidos grasos, de ácidos nucleicos, evita el estrés oxidativo y el desarrollo de anemia. Puede ocasionar caries, diabetes, obesidad, arteriosclerosis y otras patologías. En el presente trabajo se valoró el efecto que tiene la ingesta crónica de agua endulzada con sacarosa al 30% sobre el consumo de alimento balanceado, el perfil lipídico, la concentración de glucosa sérica, y sobre algunos marcadores del estado nutricional como el peso y las proteínas séricas totales, en machos de ratas Wistar. El agua endulzada con sacarosa al 30% se administró a un grupo de 9 ratas Wistar durante 3 meses y se tomó como grupo control a un grupo de 9 ratas que bebieron agua natural. El consumo de alimentos por ambos grupos, así como los marcadores de química sanguínea se analizaron al final del tratamiento. Los niveles de glucosa, lípidos y proteínas séricas totales se midieron mediante espectroscopía. Los resultados mostraron que el consumo de agua endulzada con sacarosa al 30% redujo en más de un 90% el consumo de alimento balanceado; sin embargo, no afectó el perfil lipídico ni el nivel de glucosa en sangre, así como tampoco el nivel de proteínas séricas totales. El consumo de agua endulzada con sacarosa podría provocar desnutrición a largo plazo ya que ocasiona una reducción en la ingesta de alimento rico en nutrientes.

Sugar, obtained from sugarcane, is the most commonly used sweetener in food processing. Sugar is an important food for energy generation and it is necessary for the synthesis of fatty acids and nucleic acids. It prevents oxidative stress and anemia development. However, its consumption can cause dental caries, diabetes, obesity, arteriosclerosis and other pathologies. In the present work, the effect of chronic intake of water sweetened with 30% sucrose on balanced food consumption, lipid profile, serum glucose concentration, as well as some markers of nutritional status such as weight and total serum proteins was assessed in male Wistar rats. The water sweetened with 30% sucrose was administered to a group of 9 Wistar rats for 3 months, having 9 rats as a control group that drank natural water. Food consumption between both groups as well as blood chemistry markers were analyzed at the end of the treatment. Glucose, lipid levels as well as total serum proteins were measured by spectroscopy. The results showed that the consumption of water sweetened with 30% sucrose reduced the consumption of balanced food by more than 90%, however, it did not affect the lipid profile, the level of glucose in the blood or the level of total serum proteins concentration. Consumption of sucrose-sweetened water could lead to long-term malnutrition by reducing the intake of nutrient-rich food.

O açúcar comum, obtido a partir da cana de açúcar, é o adoçante mais utilizado na elaboração dos alimentos. O açúcar é importante para a geração de energia; necessário para a síntese de ácidos graxos e de ácidos nucleicos. Previne o estresse oxidativo e o desenvolvimento de anemia. No entanto, seu consumo pode causar cárie dentária, diabetes, obesidade, arteriosclerose e outras patologias. No presente trabalho, foi avaliado o efeito da ingestão crônica de água adoçada com sacarose a 30% sobre o consumo de alimentos ricos em nutrientes, perfil lipídico, concentração sérica de glicose e alguns marcadores do estado nutricional, como o peso. e as proteínas séricas totais em ratos Wistar machos. A água adoçada com sacarose a 30% foi administrada a um grupo de 9 ratos Wistar por 3 meses, tendo como grupo controle um grupo de 9 ratos que beberam água natural. O consumo de alimentos entre os dois grupos e os marcadores de química sanguínea foram analisados no final do tratamento. Os níveis de glicose, lipídios e proteínas séricas totais foram medidos por espectroscopia. Os resultados mostraram que o consumo de água adoçada com sacarose a 30% reduziu em mais de 90% o consumo de alimentos ricos em nutrientes, no entanto, não afetou o perfil lipídico, o nível de glicose em sangue nem o nível de proteínas séricas totais. O consumo de água adoçada com sacarose poderia levar à desnutrição no longo prazo, visto que produz uma redução na ingestão de alimentos ricos em nutrientes.

Rigidez arterial: aplicações clínicas dos conceitos e métodos de avaliação / Arterial rigidity: clinical applications of assesment concepts and methods

A caracterização de rigidez arterial é realizada a partir da análise de alterações nas propriedades físicas da parede arterial, entre elas, distensibilidade, complacência e elasticidade. O aumento da rigidez arterial leva a arteriosclerose que está associada ao envelhecimento e a presença dos fatores de risco cardiovasculares tradicionais determinando alterações no padrão de fluxo nas artérias elevando o risco de progressão da aterosclerose. A aterosclerose promove uma solução de continuidade no endotélio que ao final leva a degeneração elástica na parede arterial e o enrijecimento da parede vascular. Essa é a condição determinante para a perda do mecanismo de adaptação ao volume ejetado na sístole ventricular e à onda de retorno na fase de diástole, fato observado principalmente nas grandes artérias elásticas como a aorta e as carótidas. Os principais fatores envolvidos neste processo são a hiperatividade simpática, o estado inflamatório crônico do vaso e a redução da biodisponibilidade do oxido nítrico. Vários métodos estão disponíveis para avaliar a pressão central e parâmetros de rigidez arterial. O método direto seria o de maior precisão, no entanto, é um método invasivo, e claramente inadequado para uso na avaliação clínica de rotina. Atualmente dispomos de métodos indiretos com adequada aplicação na determinação de índices de enrijecimento das grandes artérias. Um desses métodos permite a avaliação da pressão arterial central (PAc), velocidade da onda de pulso (VOP), e medidas do índice de aumentação (AIx) que são marcadores bem estabelecidos da hemodinâmica central e da rigidez arterial, e nos oferece uma visão importante da vitalidade arterial. Entre esses índices, a VOP se apresenta como um marcador de dano vascular, com elevada importância na determinação do risco cardiovascular global dos pacientes, assim como o AIx, outro parâmetro de envelhecimento vascular, ambos preditores de mortalidade por todas as causas e por causas cardiovasculares. As diferentes classes de anti-hipertensivos têm efeitos diversos sobre a hemodinâmica central e a correta interpretação dos achados obtidos nos exames de avaliação dos parâmetros centrais pode nortear mais adequadamente a estratégia do tratamento da hipertensão arterial.

The characterization of arterial stiffness is performed by analyzing changes in the physical properties of the arterial wall, including distensibility, complacency and elasticity. The increase in arterial stiffness leads to arteriosclerosis that is associated with aging and the presence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and causes changes in the flow pattern in the arteries, increasing the risk of atherosclerosis progression. Atherosclerosis causes an endothelium injury that ultimately leads to elastic degeneration in the arterial wall and the stiffening of the vascular wall, a determining condition for the loss of the ability to adapt to the volume ejected in the ventricular systole and the return wave in the diastole phase, a fact observed mainly in large elastic arteries such as the aorta and carotids. The main factors involved in this process are sympathetic hyperactivity, the chronic inflammatory state of the vessel and the reduction of nitric oxide bioavailability. Several methods are available to assess central pressure and arterial stiffness parameters. The direct method is the most accurate. However, it is an invasive method, and clearly unsuitable for use in routine clinical evaluation. Currently we have indirect methods which are perfectly applicable for the determination of stiffening indexes of the great arteries. One of these methods allows the assessment of central arterial pressure (PAc), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and measures of the augmentation index (AIx), which are well-established markers of central hemodynamics and arterial stiffness, and provides an important assessment of arterial vitality. Among these indices, PWV consists of a marker of vascular damage, highly important in determining the overall cardiovascular risk of patients, as well as AIx, another parameter for assessing vascular aging, both of them functioning as predictors of risk of mortality from all causes and from cardiovascular causes. The different classes of antihypertensive drugs have different effects on central hemodynamics and the correct interpretation of the findings obtained in the assessment tests of the Central Parameters can more adequately guide the strategy for the treatment of arterial hypertension

Progress and Application Status of Arteriosclerosis Detection Methods / 中国医疗器械杂志

The study comprehensively puts forward several detection methods to arteriosclerosis and mainly discusses the method for pulse wave velocity (PWV for short) and ankle brachial index (ABI for short). On the basis of methods mentioned above, a portable system device for arteriosclerosis detection based on non-invasive PWV and limb blood pressure is introduced, and expectations for the subsequent engineering design and development direction are given for reference.

Lecitina colesterol aciltransferasa en mujeres postmenopáusicas y su relación con factores bioquímicos y antropométricos asociados a riesgo cardiovascular / Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase in serum of postmenopausal women in relation to biochemical and anthropometric factors associated to cardiovascular risk

Resumen Objetivo: determinar los valores séricos de la enzima lecitina colesterol aciltransferasa en un grupo de mujeres postmenopáusicas, y establecer su relación con factores asociados a riesgo cardiovascular. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal prospectivo, correlacional, que incluyó 56 mujeres postmenopáusicas en quienes se evaluaron variables antropométricas y bioquímicas (perfil lipídico y glicemia basal) asociadas a riesgo cardiovascular y se correlacionaron con las concentraciones séricas de lecitina colesterol aciltransferasa. Resultados: los valores séricos promedio de dicha enzima fueron 7,89 ± 1,26 (g/ml. Las mujeres con valores de índice de masa corporal superior a 25 tienen niveles séricos de lecitina colesterol aciltransferasa significativamente mayores que aquellas que tienen índice de masa corporal normal. No se observaron relaciones significativas entre los niveles de lecitina colesterol aciltransferasa y las variables bioquímicas evaluadas. Conclusiones: este trabajo es uno de los primeros que evalúa los niveles séricos de lecitina colesterol aciltransferasa en mujeres postmenopáusicas del Caribe colombiano. Se encontró una relación significativa entre los niveles séricos de lecitina colesterol aciltransferasa y los valores de índice de masa corporal elevados. Se requieren nuevos estudios para entender mejor la relación entre los niveles séricos de lecitina colesterol aciltransferasa y el riesgo cardiovascular en mujeres postmenopáusicas.

Abstract Objective: To determine the serum levels of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase in a group of postmenopausal women and to establish their relationship with factors associated with cardiovascular risk. Materials and methods: A descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional study was performed that included 56 postmenopausal women. Anthropometric and biochemical (lipid profile and baseline blood glucose) variables associated with cardiovascular risk were measured, and were correlated with the serum concentrations of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase. Results: The mean serum level of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase was 7.89 ± 1.26 (g/ml. The women with a body mass index greater than 25 had significantly higher serum levels of the enzyme than those that had a normal body mass index. No significant relationships were observed between the levels of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase and the biochemical variables evaluated. Conclusions: This study is one of the first that has evaluated the serum levels of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase in postmenopausal women of the Colombian Caribbean. A significant relationship was found between the serum levels of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase and elevated values of the body mass index. Further studies are required for a better understanding of the relationship between the serum levels of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase and cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women.

Hipotiroidismo primario, insulinorresistencia y la aterosclerosis carotídea subclínica / Primary hypothyroidism, insulin resistance, and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis

Introducción: El hipotiroidismo es considerado un factor de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular por su relación con la dislipidemia, la hipertensión arterial y la cardiopatía isquémica. En Cuba, después de la diabetes, ocupa el segundo lugar en la prevalencia de las enfermedades endocrinas. Objetivo: Identificar si existe relación entre la presencia de hipotiroidismo primario e insulinorresistencia y la aterosclerosis carotídea subclínica. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico, multicéntrico, de corte transversal, en 150 pacientes divididos en dos grupos de comparación: 1) hipotiroidismo primario (n=75) y 2) insulinorresistencia sin hipotiroidismo (n=75) a los cuales se les realizaron procederes de laboratorio y ecográficos. Los pacientes fueron atendidos en las consultas de endocrinología de Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico 10 de Octubre, Hospital Miguel Enríquez y del Instituto Nacional de Endocrinología. Resultados: En el grupo con hipotiroidismo, los valores medios de índice de masa corporal, colesterol total, hormona estimulante de la tiroides y grosor íntima-media carotideo fueron significativamente mayores respecto a los insulinorresistentes. El HOMA-IR fue significativamente mayor en el grupo con insulinorresistencia. El valor de TSH 8805; 4,20 µmol/L mostró sensibilidad de 95,5 por ciento y especificidad de 73,3 por ciento en la predicción de aumento del GIMC. El HOMA-IR 8805;3,10 tuvo sensibilidad de 95,5 por ciento y especificidad de 73,1 por ciento. Conclusiones: El hipotiroidismo y la insulinorresistencia son predictores independientes de aterosclerosis carotídea subclínica(AU)

Introduction: Hypothyroidism is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease due to its relationship with dyslipidemia, high blood pressure and ischemic heart disease. In Cuba, after diabetes, it ranks second in the prevalence of endocrine diseases. Objective: To identify if there is a relationship between the presence of primary hypothyroidism and insulin resistance and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis. Methods: An analytical, multicenter, cross-sectional study was carried out in 150 patients separated into two comparison groups: 1) primary hypothyroidism (n = 75) and 2) insulin resistance with no hypothyroidism (n = 75). They underwent laboratory and ultrasound procedures. The patients were treated at the endocrinology consultations from 10 de Octubre Clinical Surgical Hospital, Miguel Enríquez Hospital and the National Institute of Endocrinology. Results: The hypothyroidism group showed mean values of body mass index, total cholesterol, thyroid-stimulating hormone and carotid intima-media thickness significantly higher compared to insulin-resistant drugs. HOMA-IR was significantly higher in the insulin resistance group. TSH value #8805; 4.20 µmol / L showed 95.5 and 73.3 percent specificity in predicting GIMC increase. HOMA-IR #8805; 3.10 had 95.5 percent sensitivity and 73.1 percent specificity. Conclusions: Hypothyroidism and insulin resistance are independent predictors of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis(AU)

Increased ApoB/ApoA1 ratio is associated with excess weight, body adiposity, and altered lipid profile in children / A razão ApoB/ApoA1 aumentada está associada ao excesso de peso, de adiposidade corporal e ao perfil lipídico alterado em crianças

Abstract Objective: To investigate ApoB/ApoA1 ratio and its association with cardiovascular risk factors in children. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 258 children aged 8 and 9 years old, enrolled in all urban schools in the city of Viçosa-MG. Anthropometric and body composition assessment, as well as biochemical profile of the children was performed. Socioeconomic variables and sedentary lifestyle were evaluated through a semi-structured questionnaire. Results: Many children had excess weight (35.2%), abdominal adiposity (10.5%), and body fat (15.6%), as well as increased ApoB/ApoA1 ratio (14.7%), total cholesterol (51.8%), and triglycerides (19.8%). Children with excess weight and total and central fat had a higher prevalence of having a higher ApoB/ApoA1 ratio, as well as those with atherogenic lipid profile (increased LDL-c and triglycerides and low HDL-c). A direct association was found between the number of cardiovascular risk factors and the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio (p = 0.001), regardless of age and income. Conclusion: The increased ApoB/ApoA1 ratio was associated with excess weight, body adiposity (total and central), and altered lipid profile in children. Children with a higher number of cardiovascular risk factors had higher ApoB/ApoA1 ratio, in both genders.

Resumo Objetivo: Investigar a razão ApoB/ApoA1 e sua relação com fatores de risco cardiovascular em crianças. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 258 crianças de 8 e 9 anos, matriculadas em todas as escolas urbanas de Viçosa-MG. Foi feita avaliação antropométrica, da composição corporal e bioquímica das crianças. As variáveis socioeconômicas e o sedentarismo foram avaliados por questionário semiestruturado. Resultados: Muitas crianças apresentaram excesso de peso (35,2%), de adiposidade abdominal (10,5%) e de gordura corporal (15,6%), bem como a razão ApoB/ApoA1 (14,7%), colesterol-total (51,8%) e triglicerídeos (19,8%) aumentados. Crianças com excesso de peso e de gordura total e central apresentaram maiores prevalências de maior razão ApoB/ApoA1, bem como as com perfil lipídico aterogênico (LDL-c e triglicerídeos aumentados e baixo HDL-c). Foi encontrada associação direta entre o número de fatores de risco cardiovascular e a razão ApoB/ApoA1 (p = 0,001), independente da idade e renda. Conclusão: A razão ApoB/ApoA1 aumentada esteve associada ao excesso de peso, de adiposidade corporal (total e central) e ao perfil lipídico alterado nas crianças. As crianças com maior número de fatores de risco cardiovascular apresentaram maior razão ApoB/ApoA1, em ambos os sexos.

Aneurisma de arteria renal y carcinoma de células claras metastásico / Renal Artery Aneurysm and Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma

Introducción: Los aneurismas de arteria renal son poco frecuentes, la mayoría asintomáticos. Se pueden asociar a la hipertensión arterial, fibrodisplasia, arteriosclerosis sistémica y aneurismas en otras localizaciones. Son más frecuentes en mujeres. El cáncer renal representa el 2%­3% de todos los tumores con una incidencia creciente en las últimas décadas. Predomina en los varones y es conocida su gran capacidad para metastatizar. Se presenta un caso clínico en el que de forma poco habitual, coexisten ambas entidades.n Caso Clínico: Mujer de 52 años con antecedente de autotrasplante de riñón derecho tras cirugía de aneurisma de arteria renal. Durante el seguimiento, se objetiva masa renal en dicha unidad que precisa cirugía con resultado de carcinoma de células claras. Cuatro años más tarde progresa con metástasis a nivel de suprarrenal izquierda realizándose adrenalectomía izquierda laparoscópica. Discusión: La indicación de tratamiento de los aneurismas de arteria renal radica en evitar sus complicaciones, principalmente la rotura por su capacidad letal. Entre las técnicas aún tiene su papel la cirugía exvivo y el autotrasplante. El tratamiento del cáncer renal se basa en conseguir la radicalidad en estadios localizados; por otro lado, en enfermedad avanzada, la cirugía puede estar indicada en pacientes seleccionados. En ese caso, el seguimiento del aneurisma de arteria renal permite realizar un diagnóstico y tratamiento temprano del cáncer.

Introduction: Renal artery aneurysms are rare and most of them are asymptomatic. They could be linked to arterial hypertension, fibromuscular dysplasia, systemic arteriosclerosis and other visceral aneurysms. They appear more frequently in women. Renal cancer represents 2­3% among all the malignancies. In the last years, the incidence is increasing and it is slightly more common in men. It is Known its widely capacity to develop metastasis. We report the rare coexistence of both entities in the same patient. Clinical Case: Fifty-two year-old-woman, right kidney auto transplantation operated because of renal artery aneurysm surgery. In a scheduled examination, she presents a mass in that kidney, which turns out to be a clear cell carcinoma. Four years later, a left adrenal metastasis is detected and a laparoscopic adrenalectomy is performed. Discussion: Aneurysms treatment has the purpose of avoid its complications, mainly its rupture because it can cause death. Among the several techniques described, exvivo surgery and auto transplantation is one of them. Renal cancer treatment aims to be radical in localized stages. On the other hand, in some selected advanced renal cancer patients, surgery has an indication too. In the present case, the renal aneurism follow-up allow us to perform an early diagnosis and treatment of the neoplasm.

Aplicabilidade dos marcadores de rigidez arterial na doença arterial periférica / Applications of arterial stiffness markers in peripheral arterial disease

A análise de rigidez arterial tem sido feita em vários grupos populacionais com o objetivo de identificar precocemente o risco cardiovascular e realizar medidas terapêuticas específicas. O aumento da rigidez arterial leva à perda de capacidade de adaptação da aorta e das artérias elásticas às variações de pressão durante o ciclo cardíaco. Os principais marcadores de rigidez arterial são a velocidade de onda de pulso (VOP), o índice de aumentação (AIx) e a pressão aórtica central. Esses índices podem ser obtidos de maneira não invasiva. Ocorre aumento da mortalidade em pacientes com doença coronariana ou em hemodiálise que apresentam aumento da VOP ou do AIx. A associação com a doença arterial periférica é pouco estudada. O objetivo desta revisão é mostrar a aplicabilidade e a utilidade de realizar medidas de rigidez arterial em pacientes com doença arterial periférica

Arterial stiffness has been analyzed in many different population groups with the objective of identifying cardiovascular risk early and performing specific therapeutic interventions. Increased arterial stiffness affects the capacity of the aorta and elastic arteries to adapt to pressure variations during the cardiac cycle. The main markers of arterial stiffness are pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AIx) and central aortic pressure. They can be measured noninvasively. Patients with coronary disease or on hemodialysis who have elevated PWV or AIx have increased mortality. The association with peripheral arterial disease has been studied little. The objective of this review is to demonstrate the applicability and utility of assessing measures of arterial stiffness in patients with peripheral arterial disease

Interpretation of the Results of Arterial Stiffness Tests / 대한내과학회지

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early detection of subclinical atherosclerosis is important for reduction of cardiovascular risk. However, the current diagnostic strategy, which focuses on traditional risk factors or the use of risk scoring, is unsatisfactory. Arterial walls thicken and stiffen with age, a process known as arteriosclerosis. There is a close interaction between arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis. Increased luminal pressure and shear stress caused by arterial stiffening result in endothelial dysfunction, accelerate the formation of atheromas, and stimulate excessive collagen production and deposition in the arterial wall. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) has been shown to predict cardiovascular risk in many large studies. However, there is controversy regarding the value of CIMT for prediction of cardiovascular risk because of differences in study design, specifically with respect to CIMT measurements. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is the most widely used measure of arterial stiffness; measurement of PWV is simple, non-invasive, and reproducible. Many clinical studies and meta-analyses have shown that PWV has predictive value in cardiovascular disease beyond traditional risk factors, both in the general population and in patients with various diseases. Brachial pressure has been a poor surrogate for aortic pressure for more than 50 years. However, recent studies have shown a closer relationship between central blood pressure and intermediate cardiovascular phenotypes or cardiovascular target organ damage, compared to the respective relationships with brachial blood pressure. Considering the non-invasiveness and ability to collect multiple types of clinical data, measurement of CIMT, PWV, and central blood pressure may be useful to identify patients at high risk for development of cardiovascular disease.

The Association between Resting Heart Rate and Arterial Stiffness in Men

BACKGROUND: Early detection of vascular change may improve prediction of subclinical stage of cardiovascular disease, allowing intervention to prevent overt vascular damage. High heart rate is known to increase cardiovascular morbidity and mortality rate in the general population and in individuals with cardiovascular disease. We aimed to investigate the association between resting heart rate (RHR) measured using electrocardiogram (ECG) and arterial stiffness measured using the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) in men. METHODS: Data were collected from 5,629 men aged between 20 and 78 years who visited a single-site health promotion center. RHR was measured in a supine posture after resting for 10 minutes using an ECG. Arterial stiffness was measured using the CAVI. The cutoff value for high CAVI was ≥9.0. RESULTS: RHR was one of the major determinants of high CAVI after adjusting for age, waist circumference, mean arterial pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin level, triglyceride level, white blood cell count, and lifestyle factors. When RHR groups were defined according to the RHR quartiles, the odds ratio of group with RHR ≥70 bpm, for high CAVI was 3.62 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.21–5.91) after adjusting for age and lifestyle factors. This association was not changed after adjusting for all other covariates (odds ratio, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.36–4.19). CONCLUSIONS: RHR measured using ECG is significantly associated with arterial stiffness in men not taking medications for hypertension, dyslipidemia, or diabetes. These findings suggest that RHR may be useful in assessing cardiovascular risk in men.

Infarto isquémico mesencefálico: síndrome de Weber / Ischemic mesencephalic infarction: Weber's syndrome

La enfermedad cerebrovascular constituye la tercera causa de muerte en la población adulta, la primera causa de discapacidad a escala mundial y la segunda causa de demencia, problema de salud actual relacionado con otras enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Se presenta un caso de un infarto isquémico mesencefálico aterotrombótico en una anciana de 77 años con la expresión clínica de un síndrome de Weber. El síndrome de Weber es uno de los síndromes cruzados o alternos de la clínica y la neurología por lesión peduncular. Es poco frecuente y a la vez, el más frecuente de los alternos de tronco encefálico(AU)

Cerebrovascular disease is the third leading cause of death in the adult population, the leading cause of disability worldwide and the second cause of dementia. It is a current health problem related to other chronic noncommunicable diseases. We present a case of atherothrombotic mesencephalic ischemic infarction in a 77-year-old woman with the clinical expression of Weber syndrome, which is a crossed or alternating clinical syndrome and neurology by pedicle injury. It is rare and, at the same time, the most frequent alternating brainstem(AU)

Associação entre Doença Arterial Coronariana e Demência Vascular definitiva / Association between coronary artery disease with definitive vascular dementia

Introdução: As Doenças Cardiovasculares (DCV) têm sido implicadas como fatores de risco para demência em idosos. Estudos clínicos demostraram que existe associação entre a história de Doença Arterial Coronariana (DAC) e demência, notadamente a Demência Vascular (DV). A associação de DAC prévia com a DV definitiva ainda não foi estudada. Objetivo: Verificar qual a frequência de DAC prévia em indivíduos com DV e verificar se existe associação entre DAC e DV definitiva. Método: Trata-se de um estudo observacional em corte transversal onde 707 casos foram submetidos à autópsia encefálica e exame neuropatológico. O histórico de saúde (dados demográficos, clínicos e perfil cognitivo, comportamental e funcional) foram obtidos por meio de entrevista clínica com informante imediatamente após o óbito, mediante consentimento informado. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e foram usados testes de associação e comparação de médias e medianas. Assumindo a DV como variável dependente e a DAC como variável independente, foi construído um modelo de regressão logística para obter o Odds Ratio (OR) da DAC em relação à DV. Resultados: Dos 707 casos, 50,6% eram homens e a idade média foi 73,16 ± 11,79 anos. A frequência de DV definitiva foi de 37,6% e 18% dos pacientes com DV tiveram DAC prévia. O OR da DAC para predizer DV definitiva foi de 1,57 vezes (IC 95% 1,0002,467; p<0,05). Conclusão: A DAC prévia está associada à DV definitiva, aumentando sua chance de ocorrência em 1,66 vezes. Estudos que analisem a interação entre DAC e outros fatores de risco cardiovascular (FRCV) como preditores de DV definitiva são necessários, com vistas à melhor elucidação não só do papel de cada fator associado à ocorrência de DV, como também dos mecanismos fisiopatológicos envolvidos que futuramente favorecerão a implementação de estratégias de prevenção e controle de DV em idosos.

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have been implicated as risk factors for dementia in the elderly. Clinical studies have shown that there is an association between the history of coronary artery disease (CAD) and dementia, notably vascular dementia (DV). The association of prior CAD with definitive DV has not been studied. Objective: To verify the frequency of prior CAD in individuals with DV and to verify if there is an association between CAD and definitive DV. Method: This is a cross-sectional observational study in which 707 cases were submitted to a brain autopsy and neuropathological examination. The health history (demographic, clinical and cognitive, behavioral and functional data) was obtained by means of a clinical interview with an informant immediately after death, with informed consent. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and association and comparison tests of means and medians were used. Assuming DV as the dependent variable and CAD with the independent variable, a logistic regression model was constructed to obtain the Odds Ratio (OR) of the CAD in relation to DV. Results: Of the 707 cases, 50.6% were men and the mean age was 73.16 ± 11.79 years. The definitive DV frequency was 37.6% and 18% of DV patients had previous CAD. The DAC OR to predict final DV was 1,57 (95%CI 1,0002,467; p<0,05). Conclusion: Previous CAD is associated with definitive DV, increasing its chance of occurrence by 1.66 times. Studies that analyze the interaction between CAD and other cardiovascular risk factors (CRF) as predictors of definitive DV are necessary to better elucidating not only the role of each factor associated with the occurrence of DV, but also the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the future will favor the implementation of strategies for prevention and control of DV in the elderly.

Accelerated inflammation in peripheral artery disease patients with periodontitis

PURPOSE: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a form of arteriosclerosis that occurs in the extremities and involves ischemia. Previous studies have reported that patients with periodontitis are at high risk for PAD. However, the relationship between these 2 diseases has not yet been fully elucidated. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated this relationship by comparing patients with PAD to those with arrhythmia (ARR) as a control group. METHODS: A large-scale survey was conducted of patients with cardiovascular disease who visited Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital. We investigated their oral condition and dental clinical measurements, including probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level, and number of missing teeth; we also collected salivary and subgingival plaque samples and peripheral blood samples. All patients with PAD were extracted from the whole population (n = 25), and a matching number of patients with ARR were extracted (n = 25). Simultaneously, ARR patients were matched to PAD patients in terms of age, gender, prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and the smoking rate (n = 25 in both groups). Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to measure the bacterial counts, while the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method was used to measure anti-bacterial antibody titers and proinflammatory cytokine levels in serum. RESULTS: PAD patients had more missing teeth (18.4±2.0) and higher serum levels of C-reactive protein (1.57±0.85 mg/dL) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (70.3±5.7 pg/mL) than ARR patients (12.0±1.7, 0.38±0.21 mg/dL, and 39.3±4.5 pg/mL, respectively). Meanwhile, no statistically significant differences were found in other dental clinical measurements, bacterial antibody titers, or bacterial counts between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggested that PAD patients had poorer oral and periodontal state with enhanced systemic inflammation.

Effects of 16 week aerobic exercise on baPWV and ABI of middle-aged and elderly patients / 中国应用生理学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the interventional effects of 16-week aerobic exercises on the elderly's arteriosclerosis and its mechanism.@*METHODS@#Twenty-seven elderly people with the average age of 62. 70 ±3. 26 joined a 16-week square dance/taijiquan exercise program that conducted 60 minutes each time, six times per week. Arterial stiffness and its related indexes such as systolic pressure(SBP), diastolic pressure(DBP), left brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (L-baPWV), right brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(R-baPWV), left ankle brachial index (L-ABI), right ankle brachial index(R-ABI), serum triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-c), low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-c), superoxide dismutase(SOD), malondialdehyde(MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were detected at 3 time points including before exercise program, by the end of exercise for 8 weeks and 16 weeks.@*RESULTS@#① Compared with pre-exercise, the R-baPWV and R-ABI of the elderly people were decreased at the end of the 8 week, and the L-baPWV, RbaPWV, R-ABI and L-ABI were decreased significantly at the end of the 16 week. ②Compared with pre-exercise, SBP and DBP were declined markedly (<0.01, <0.05) at the end of the 8 week, SBP, DBP and pulse pressure were decreased significantly (<0.01, <0.05) at the end of the 16 week. ③Compared with pre-exercise, TC and LDL-c were declined markedly (<0.01) at the end of the 8 and the 16 week, and there was no difference of the level of TG and LDL-c between pre-exercise and post-exercise. ④There was no evident difference of serum level of SOD, GSH-Px, MDA between pre-exercise and post-exercise at the end of the 8 week. Compared with pre-exercise, the level of serum SOD, GSH-Px was increased evidently while the content of serum MDA was decreased significantly (<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Sixteen-week aerobic exercises could reduce baPWV and ABI levels, regulate blood pressure, blood lipids and lipid peroxides levels of the elderly evidently, thus improve the controlling quality of atherosclerosis.